ʻO ke kaʻina hana hydrogen peroxide
ʻO ke kaʻina hana hydrogen peroxide
ʻO ke kumu kemika o ka hydrogen peroxide ʻo H2O2, i ʻike mau ʻia he hydrogen peroxide. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona he wai aniani ʻaʻohe kala, he mea oxidant ikaika, kūpono kāna ʻano wai no ka disinfection ʻeha olakino a me ka disinfection kaiapuni a me ka disinfection meaʻai. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai a me ka oxygen, akā lohi loa ka decomposition rate, a ua wikiwiki ka wikiwiki o ka hopena ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi catalyst - manganese dioxide a i ʻole ka hawewe pōkole.
Nā waiwai kino
ʻO ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wai he wai aniani ʻole, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, ka waiʻona, ka etera, a hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka benzene a me ka petroleum ether.
ʻO ka hydrogen peroxide maʻemaʻe he waiʻeleʻele uliuli māmā me kahi helu heheʻe o -0.43 ° C a me kahi paila o 150.2 ° C. E hoʻololi ka hydrogen peroxide maʻemaʻe i kona hoʻonohonoho mole, no laila e loli pū ka helu heheʻe. ʻO 1.71 g/ ka mānoanoa paʻa ma ka wahi hau hau, a ua emi ka mānoanoa i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana. ʻOi aku ka nui o kona hui ʻana ma mua o H2O, no laila ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona mau dielectric a me kona wahi paila ma mua o ka wai. He paʻa ka hydrogen peroxide maʻemaʻe, a ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai a me ka oxygen ke hoʻomehana ʻia i 153 ° C. He mea pono e ʻike ʻaʻohe paʻa hydrogen intermolecular i ka hydrogen peroxide.
Loaʻa i ka hydrogen peroxide kahi hopena oxidation ikaika i nā mea kūlohelohe a hoʻohana mau ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe.
Nā waiwai kemika
1. Okiola
(E hana ke alakaʻi keʻokeʻo i loko o ka pena aila [basic lead carbonate] me ka hydrogen sulfide i ka lewa e hana i ka ʻeleʻele kepau sulfide, hiki ke holoi ʻia me ka hydrogen peroxide)
(koi i ke ʻano alkaline)
2. Hoemi ana
3. I loko o 10 ml o 10% hāpana hāpana, hoʻohui i 5 ml o ka dilute sulfuric acid test solution (TS-241) a me 1 ml o ka potassium permanganate test solution (TS-193).
Pono nā ʻōhū a nalowale ke kala o ka potassium permanganate. He ʻakika i ka litmus. Inā he mea olaola, he pahū.
4. E lawe i 1 g o ka laʻana (pololei i ka 0.1 mg) a hoʻoheheʻe i 250.0 ml me ka wai. Ua lawe ʻia he 25 ml o kēia hāpana, a ua hoʻohui ʻia he 10 ml o ka dilute sulfuric acid test solution (TS-241), a ukali ʻia me ka titration me 0.1 mol/L potassium permanganate. 0.1 mol/L no ka ml. ʻO ka potassium permanganate e pili ana i ka 1.70 mg o ka hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2).
5. I ka hihia o ka mea olaola, ka wela, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka oxygen a me ka wai, i ka hihia o ka chromic acid, potassium permanganate, metala pauda reactly violently. I mea e pale ai i ka decomposition, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kahi ʻāpana o kahi stabilizer e like me ka sodium stannate, sodium pyrophosphate a i ʻole nā mea like.
6. He ʻakika nāwaliwali loa ka hydrogen peroxide: H2O2 = (reversible) = H++ HO2-(Ka = 2.4 x 10-12). No laila, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ka peroxide o ka metala e like me kona paʻakai.
ʻO ke kumu nui
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hydrogen peroxide i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, pūʻali koa a me nā ʻoihana. ʻO ka disinfection i kēlā me kēia lā he hydrogen peroxide. Hiki i ka lāʻau hydrogen peroxide ke pepehi i ka bacteria pathogenic intestinal, pyogenic cocci, a me ka hū pathogenic, i hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka disinfection o ka ʻili o nā mea. ʻO ka hydrogen peroxide ka hopena oxidation, akā ʻo ke ʻano o ka hydrogen peroxide ka mea like a i ʻole ma lalo o 3%. Ke holoi ʻia i ka ʻili o ka ʻeha, e ʻā ia, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka ʻili i ke keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻōpū, a hiki ke holoi ʻia me ka wai. Ma hope o 3-5 mau minuke E hoʻihoʻi i ka ʻili o ka ʻili.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻoihana kemika ma ke ʻano he mea maka no ka hana ʻana i ka sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, peracetic acid, sodium chlorite, thiourea peroxide, etc., oxidizing agents e like me tartaric acid a me nā huaora. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he bactericide, disinfectant, a me ka oxidant no ka hana ʻana o thiram a me 40 lita o nā mea antibacterial. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻoihana paʻi a me ka waihoʻoluʻu ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe no nā lole pulupulu a ma ke ʻano he mea pena kala no ka waiho ʻana i ka wai. Ka wehe ʻana i ka hao a me nā metala kaumaha ʻē aʻe ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā paʻakai metala a i ʻole nā hui ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana pū ʻia i nā ʻauʻau electroplating e wehe i nā haumia inorganic a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o nā ʻāpana plated. Hoʻohana pū ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka hulu hipa, ka siliki maka, ka ʻelepani, ka pulp, ka momona, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻohana kīwila: e hoʻoponopono i ke ʻala o ka ʻōpala kīhini, i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kūʻai i ka hydrogen peroxide a me ka wai me ka pauka holoi i loko o ka sewer hiki ke decontaminated, disinfected, sterilized;
3% hydrogen peroxide (māka lāʻau lapaʻau) no ka disinfection ʻeha.
Kanawai hana
ʻO ke ʻano hana hana hydrogen peroxide alkaline: he krypton-containing air electrode no ka hana ʻana i ka alkaline hydrogen peroxide, i hōʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia pālua o nā electrodes i haku ʻia me kahi pā anode, kahi mesh plastic, kahi membrane cation a me kahi cathode ea helium, ma luna. a me nā wēlau haʻahaʻa o ka wahi hana electrode. Aia kahi keʻena hoʻohele no ke komo ʻana i ka wai a me kahi keʻena hōʻiliʻili no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wai, a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi orifice ma ka inlet wai, a ua hoʻohana ka electrode multi-component i kahi ʻano pilina dipole series e hoʻolōʻihi i ka palupalu plastik o ka anode e holo ana. wai alkali komo a puka. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o ka paipu i ka manifold hōʻiliʻili wai, hoʻohui ʻia ka hui electrode multi-component e ka pā ʻāpana.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka waika Phosphoric: ʻike ʻia ia i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻia ʻana mai kahi hopena sodium peroxide aqueous e nā pae aʻe:
(1) Aqueous solution of sodium peroxide is neutralized to a pH of 9.0 to 9.7 with phosphoric acid or sodium dihydrogen phosphate NaH2PO4 e hana i ka wai wai o Na2HPO4 a me H2O2.
(2) Ua hooluolu ka wai o Na2HPO4 a me H2O2 a hiki i ka +5 a i ka -5 °C no laila ua ho'okahe 'ia ka hapa nui o ka Na2HPO4 e like me Na2HPO4•10H2O hydrate.
(3) Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi hui i loko o ka mea hoʻokaʻawale centrifugal e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kristal Na 2HPO 4 • 10H 2 O mai kahi mea liʻiliʻi o Na 2 HPO 4 a me kahi wai hoʻoheheʻe hydrogen peroxide.
(4) Ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai wai i loaʻa kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o Na2HPO4 a me ka hydrogen peroxide i loko o kahi evaporator no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mahu i loaʻa ka H2O2 a me H2O, a ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi wai paʻakai paʻa o Na2HPO4 i loko o ka hydrogen peroxide mai lalo a hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka pahu neutralization. .
(5) Hoʻopili ʻia ka mahu i loko o ka H2O2 a me ka H2O i ka distillation fractional ma lalo o ke kaomi hoʻemi ʻia e loaʻa ai ma kahi o 30% H2O2 huahana.
Electrolytic sulfuric acid keʻano: electrolyzed 60% sulfuric acid no ka loaʻaʻana o ka peroxodisulfuric acid, a laila hydrolyzed e loaʻa ai ka manaʻo o 95% hydrogen peroxide.
ʻO ke ala 2-Ethyl oxime: ʻO ke ʻano nui o ka hana ʻenehana ʻoihana ʻo ke ʻano 2-ethyl oxime (EAQ). 2-ethyl hydrazine ma kekahi mahana.
Hoʻopili ka ikaika me ka hydrogen ma lalo o ka hana a kahi catalyst e hana i ka 2-ethylhydroquinone, a me ka 2-ethylhydroquinone e hoʻohua ai i ka oxygen me ka oxygen ma kahi mahana a me ke kaomi.
Hoʻemi ʻia ka hopena hoʻemi, hoʻemi ʻia ka 2-ethylhydroquinone e hana i ka 2-ethyl hydrazine a hoʻokumu ʻia ka hydrogen peroxide. Ma hope o ka unuhi ʻia ʻana, loaʻa ka wai wai hydrogen peroxide, a hoʻomaʻemaʻe hope ʻia e ka hydrocarbon aromatic kaumaha e loaʻa ai kahi hopena hydrogen peroxide wai kūpono, i ʻike mau ʻia ʻo hydrogen peroxide. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia kaʻina no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka 27.5% hydrogen peroxide, a hiki ke loaʻa ke kiʻekiʻe aqueous aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution (e like me 35%, 50% hydrogen peroxide) ma ka distillation.
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