Wahi a kahi hōʻike ma ka pūnaewele o ka US "Business Week" magazine ma Ianuali 6, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i uku wale ka hana ʻana o nā biofuels, akā lawe pū kekahi i ka pōʻino o ke kaiapuni a me ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai meaʻai.
Wahi a nā hōʻike, i ka makahiki 2007, ua kau ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hana i 9 biliona galani i hui ʻia i ka wahie i ka makahiki 2008, a e piʻi ana kēia helu i 36 biliona galani ma 2022. I ka makahiki 2013, koi ka EPA i nā hui hana wahie e hoʻohui i 14 biliona galani. ʻo ka ethanol kulina a me 2.75 biliona galani o nā biofuels holomua i hana ʻia mai nā ʻāpana lāʻau a ʻili kulina. I ka makahiki 2009, ua hoʻopuka pū ka European Union i kahi pahuhopu: ma ka 2020, pono e helu ʻia ka ethanol no 10% o ka nui o ka wahie kaʻa. ʻOiai he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai o ka hana ʻana i ka ethanol, ʻaʻole ʻo ia ke kumu o ka pilikia, no ka mea ʻaʻole kōkua kēia mau kulekele i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ʻEulopa i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pilikia a me ka pilikia o ka nohona. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ethanol honua i ʻelima mau manawa i loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi mai ka 21st century, a ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai meaʻai honua he hopena koʻikoʻi i ka poʻe ʻilihune.
Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole kūpono ka hana ʻana o nā biofuels i ka pōʻino i ka pale o ke kaiapuni. ʻO ke kaʻina hana mai ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu a hiki i ka hana ʻana i ka ethanol e koi nui i ka ikehu. Hoʻopau ʻia nā ululāʻau i kekahi manawa i mea e pono ai ka ʻāina no nā mea kanu. I ka pane ʻana i kēia mau pilikia me ka hana ʻana i nā biofuels, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka European Union a me ʻAmelika i kā lākou mau pahuhopu hana ethanol. I Kepakemapa 2013, ua koho ka Pāremata ʻEulopa e hoʻemi i ka pahuhopu i manaʻo ʻia no 2020 mai 10% a i 6%, he koho e hoʻopaneʻe i kēia kānāwai a hiki i 2015. Ua ʻoki iki ka US Environmental Protection Agency i kāna pahuhopu hana biofuel 2014.
Pēlā nō, ua hālāwai pū ka ʻoihana biofuel ethanol i kahi kūlana hilahila. Ma mua, i mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ka pilikia o nā ʻōpala kahiko, ua ʻae ka mokuʻāina i ke kūkulu ʻana i 4 mau papa hana hoʻokele ethanol i ka wā o ka manawa "Tenth Five-Year Plan": Jilin Fuel Ethanol Co., Ltd., Heilongjiang China Resources Alcohol Co. , Ltd., Henan Tianguan Fuel Group a me Anhui Fengyuan Fuel Alcohol Co., Ltd. Co., Ltd. Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o ke kulekele, ua nui ka nui o ka mana hana. hoʻokuʻu koke ʻia. I ka pau ʻana o ka makahiki 2005, ʻo ka 1.02 miliona tons o ka wahie ethanol production capacity i hoʻolālā ʻia a kūkulu ʻia e nā ʻoihana ʻehā i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna aʻe ua hiki i ka hana.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kumu hoʻohālike mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka biofuel ethanol ma ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ke kulina ma ke ʻano he mea maka. Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki o ka hoʻoheheʻe ikaika ʻana, ua hōʻea ka lako kūloko o ka palaoa kahiko i kona palena, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i ke koi kumu no ka wahie ethanol. Hoʻohana kekahi mau ʻoihana a hiki i ka 80% o nā huaʻai hou. Eia nō naʻe, i ka ulu ʻana o nā pilikia palekana meaʻai, ua loli nui ka manaʻo o ke aupuni i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kulina no ka wahie ethanol.
Wahi a ka hōʻike i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka Prospective Industry Research Institute, i ka makahiki 2006, ua manaʻo ka mokuʻāina e "kaʻi nui i ka meaʻai ʻole a me ka hoʻoikaika a hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana biofuel ethanol", a laila hoʻihoʻi i ka mana ʻae o nā wahie a pau. nā papahana pili i ke aupuni waena; mai 2007 a 2010, ʻekolu manawa o ka National Development and Reform Commission. I ka manawa like, ua emi nā haʻawina aupuni i loaʻa e nā hui i hōʻike ʻia e COFCO Biochemical. I ka makahiki 2010, he 1,659 yuan/ton ka ma'amau ma'alahi no ka biofuel ethanol no nā 'oihana i koho 'ia ma Anhui Province. No ka wahie ethanol i hana ʻia mai ke kulina, ua loaʻa i ka hui ke kōkua o 500 yuan no ke tona; no ka wahie ethanol i hana ʻia mai nā mea kanu ʻai ʻole e like me ka cassava, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi kōkua o 750 yuan no ke tona. Eia kekahi, mai Ianuali 1, 2015, e hoʻopau ka mokuʻāina i ka VAT mua a laila e hoʻihoʻi i ke kulekele no nā ʻoihana hana i koho ʻia o ka denatured fuel ethanol, a ma ka manawa like, ka denatured fuel ethanol i hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palaoa i mea maka no ka hoʻomākaukau. ʻO ka ʻaila ethanol no nā kaʻa e hoʻomaka hou i ka ʻauhau o 5%. ʻauhau ʻai.
I mua o nā pilikia o ka hoʻokūkū ʻana me nā kānaka no ka meaʻai a me ka ʻāina me ka meaʻai, e kaupalena ʻia ka wahi hoʻomohala o ka bioethanol i koʻu ʻāina i ka wā e hiki mai ana, a e nāwaliwali ke kākoʻo kulekele, a e kū ana nā ʻoihana hana biofuel ethanol i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai. No nā hui ethanol wahie i maʻa i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ke kālā kālā e ola ai, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā manaʻo hoʻomohala e hiki mai ana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-30-2022