Ma ka lā 11 o Iulai, ua mālama ʻia ka hui ʻo Sino US Exchange e pili ana i ka Clean Transportation Fuels a me ka Air Pollution Prevention ma Beijing. Ma ka hālāwai, ua hōʻike ka poʻe loea kūpono mai ka ʻoihana biofuel US a me nā loea palekana kaiapuni Kina i kā lākou ʻike ma nā kumuhana e like me ka pale ʻana a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka ea, a me ka ʻike hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ethanol gasoline.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Chai Fahe, ka hope pelekikena mua o ka Chinese Academy of Environmental Science, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomau mau ʻia nā wahi he nui ma Kina i ka pollution haze. Ma ka ʻāina, ʻo Beijing ʻo Tianjin Hebei ka ʻāina me ka haumia ea koʻikoʻi loa.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Liu Yongchun, ka mea noiʻi hui o ka Ecological Environment Research Center o ka Chinese Academy of Science, i ke kaʻina o ka nānā ʻana i nā kumu o ka haumia o ka ea ma Kina, ua ʻike ʻia ua maʻalahi nā hōʻailona o kēlā me kēia pollutants i ka maʻamau. akā, paʻakikī ke hoʻomalu ʻia nā mea hōʻailona o nā mea ʻala. He paʻakikī nā kumu holoʻokoʻa, a ʻo nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia e ka hoʻololi lua o nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe i hana nui i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka haze.
I kēia manawa, ua lilo nā hoʻokuʻu kaʻa kaʻa i kumu nui o nā mea haumia ea āpana, e like me carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons a me nitrogen oxides, PM (particulate matter, soot) a me nā kinoea ʻino ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā mea haumia pili pili i ka maikaʻi o ka wahie.
I nā makahiki 1950, ua alakaʻi pololei ʻia nā hanana "photochemical smog" ma Los Angeles a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka United States Federal Clean Air Act. I ka manawa like, ua manaʻo ʻo ʻAmelika e hoʻolaha i ka ʻaila ethanol. Ua lilo ka Clean Air Act i hana mua e paipai ai i ka ethanol gasoline ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e hāʻawi ana i kumu kānāwai no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ethanol biofuel. I ka makahiki 1979, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka "Ethanol Development Plan" o ke aupuni pekelala, a hoʻomaka e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wahie hui ʻia me 10% ethanol.
ʻO ka biofuel ethanol kahi mea hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi loa i ka helu octane a me ka oxygenator i hoʻohui ʻia i ka ʻaila. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻaila maʻamau, ʻo E10 ethanol gasoline (gasoline i loaʻa ka 10% biofuel ethanol) hiki ke hoʻemi i ka PM2.5 ma mua o 40% o ka nui. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni i mālama ʻia e ka ʻoihana mālama kaiapuni kūloko ma nā wahi i hoʻolaha ʻia ai ka ethanol gasoline e hōʻike ana e hiki i ka ethanol gasoline ke hōʻemi nui i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, particulates a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe i loko o ka pauku kaʻa.
ʻO ka hōʻike noiʻi "The Impact of Ethanol Gasoline on Air Quality" i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ka Fifth National Ethanol Annual Conference i hōʻike pū ʻia e hiki i ka ethanol ke hoʻemi i ka PM2.5 mua i ka pauku kaʻa. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka 10% wahie ethanol i ka ʻaila maʻamau o nā kaʻa maʻamau e hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā mea ʻala ma 36%, ʻoiai no nā kaʻa hoʻokuʻu kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā mea ʻala ma 64.6%. ʻO nā pūhui organik i loko o ke kula kiʻekiʻe PM2.5 pili pono i nā mea ʻala i loko o ka ʻaila. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ethanol e hoʻololi i kekahi mau mea ʻala i ka ʻaila e hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka PM2.5 lua.
Eia kekahi, hiki i ka ethanol gasoline ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mea ʻino e like me ka waiho ʻana i loko o ke keʻena puhi o nā ʻenekini kaʻa a me benzene, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o nā mea hoʻololi catalytic exhaust kaʻa.
No ka biofuel ethanol, hopohopo pū ka honua o waho i ka hopena o kāna hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā kumukūʻai meaʻai. Eia naʻe, ʻo James Miller, ka Hope Kakauolelo mua o ka US Department of Energy a me ka luna o ka Agricultural and Biofuel Policy Advisory Company, ka mea i hele i ka hālāwai, i ʻōlelo ʻia ua kākau pū ka World Bank i kahi pepa i kekahi mau makahiki i hala. Ua ʻōlelo lākou ua pili maoli nā kumukūʻai meaʻai e nā kumukūʻai aila, ʻaʻole i nā biofuels. No laila, ʻaʻole e pili nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka bioethanol i ke kumukūʻai o nā meaʻai.
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka ethanol gasoline i hoʻohana ʻia ma Kina he 90% ka ʻaila maʻamau a me ka 10% wahie ethanol. Ke hoʻolaha nei ʻo Kina i nā makahiki he ʻumi ma mua o ka makahiki 2002. I loko o kēia manawa, ua ʻae ʻo Kina i ʻehiku ʻoihana ethanol e hana i ka ethanol wahie, a ua alakaʻi i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hana hoʻokele paʻa ma 11 mau ʻāina, me Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Anhui a me Shandong. I ka makahiki 2016, ua hana ʻo Kina ma kahi o 21.7 miliona tons o ka wahie ethanol a me 25.51 miliona tons o carbon dioxide like.
ʻO ka nui o nā kaʻa kaʻa ma Beijing Tianjin Hebei a me kona mau wahi e pili ana ma kahi o 60 miliona, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻāina ʻo Beijing Tianjin Hebei i loko o ka wahie ethanol pilot.
Wu Ye, hope peresidena o ke Kula o ka Environment o Tsinghua University, olelo mai o ka mea e olelo ana, o ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka ethanol gasoline me ke kumu kupono, aole ia i alakai i ka hoonui nui o ka wahie hoohana a me ka ikehu; No nā ʻano hana ʻaila ʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka pollutant, hoʻonui a emi iho. ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻaila ethanol noʻonoʻo ma ka ʻāina ʻo Beijing Tianjin Hebei he hopena maikaʻi i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka PM2.5. Hiki i ka ethanol gasoline ke hoʻokō i ke kūlana aupuni 6 no nā hiʻohiʻona kaʻa hoʻokele kiʻekiʻe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Oct-26-2022